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NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS in LAMINATED, VUGGY, and FRACTAL POROUS MEDIA

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Doctor Neutron now provides working copies of his nuclear micro-geophysical model in two versions: LVPM.exe for a fixed/selectable pore size and LVFPM.exe for a range of pore sizes at a fixed/selectable fractal dimension.  Both are meant for the Microsoft Windows environment.  Security procedures are involved.
See ahead 1, 2.

Doctor Neutron will also soon release information on his recent work in the field of gamma spectroscopy, including (1) gain shifting, (2) gain stabilization, and (3) Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization (GSO) applied to natural gamma ray spectra to extract (K, U, Th) content.  See ahead 3.

GSO may also be used to extract (H, Cl, Fe, Ca, Si) information from thermal neutron capture gamma spectra and (C, O, Fe, Si, Ca) content from inelastic neutron scattering gamma spectra.  GSO is also being explored for obtaining density and Pe values from litho-density spectra.

GSO minimizes realtime computations and avoids the need for perilous/dicey matrix inversions in realtime for all these applications.

Finally, Doctor Neutron will release information on his work using Van-Cittert Deconvolution of thermal neutron capture gamma ray time spectra from a pulsed neutron generator to compute (a) thermal neutron diffusion coefficient 4,
(b) Neutron Porosity, (c) Bulk Density, and (d) Intrinsic Sigma.
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Doctor Neutron had added a brief description of his two patents on the use of
neutron activation analyses in frac height and frac location detection for the
fracking industry.  These new methods greatly reduce the environmental
impact caused by using nuclear technology in this burgeoning field.

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Doctor Neutron had previously added a .pdf image of his paper entitled "PORE SIZE, ORIENTATION AND SHAPE; LAMINAE; AND FRACTAL DIMENSION EFFECTS ON THE RESPONSE OF SEVERAL NUCLEAR LOGGING TOOLS". This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the 2009 SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, The Woodlands, Texas, as Paper Y.

For the laminae examples, small formal effects on formation sigma were observed and much larger effects on neutron porosity.  Some interesting results are predicted for open hole bulk densities in sand-shale laminae.  These heterogeneous predictions are based on non-linear mixing of the gamma ray linear attenuation coefficients with the result that gamma transmission in the two media becomes interdependent.

The insensitivity of a new cased hole bulk density measurement to Montmorillonite laminae intrusion into an oil sand needs further investigation using both the new Transmission Probability Method and Monte Carlo modeling.  These same methods can also be used to continue study of the impact of pore size, laminae, and fractal dimension on direct measurement of the thermal neutron diffusion coefficient from the Chappell Hill Logging multi-detector pulsed neutron logging tool.

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Periodically this site will present fresh new examples with LVFPM concerning the impact of pore size and laminae properties on bulk density, Pe, dual-spaced neutron porosity, thermal neutron diffusion coefficient, and neutron capture cross section.

In particular, the density and Pe computations no longer utilize Filippov's method. Instead, a new and very accurate interpolation scheme based more directly on the NIST data tables of Hubbell and Seltzer is used. As in the previous Filippov formulation, the new LVFPM calculations still account for energy losses during gamma ray propagation, corrections for multiple scatterings, and the gamma detector energy-dependent counting efficiency.

One new feature has been added to the LVFPM Program Internals Output Pane: Material 1 and Material 2 MCNP5 Mass Fractions.

In the XY plot shown further on, the impact of fractal dimension variations on neutron-density crossplots is illustrated using concepts presented in the 2009 SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, Paper Y.

As the fractal dimension increases, pore size dramatically decreases.  Since scattering and diffusing neutrons tend to avoid water, when the fractal dimension is low and the pores are larger, they don’t “see” some water internal to these larger pores and they propagate more in the rock matrix and the sensed neutron porosity is lower.  But then, as the pores are reduced in size with higher fractal dimensions, the neutrons “find” all the water present, they are more spatially confined, and the sensed neutron porosity is higher.

Conversely, gamma rays attempt to avoid the higher density of the matrix and tend to propagate in the lower density fluid, reporting relatively more water than matrix when the fractal dimension is low, and inversely.


MCNP5 Mass Fractions
LVPM Internals, Including MCNP5 Mass Fractions

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KUT, capture & inelastic gamma spectroscopy using Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization. Porosity, density, SIGMA via MCNP6 & classic modeling. Open-hole density via MCNP6.